Figure 1

In vivo tests in mouse models assessing the influence of Pasteurella multocida infection on the blood–brain barrier. A Study design of the mouse experiments. Mice were inoculated with different P. multocida strains or PBS. Evans blue (EB) was injected at 48 h post inoculation, and after 20 min, the mice were euthanized. Murine brains were collected to quantify EB dyes by measuring the absorbance values of optical density at 620 nm [OD620]. B Pathological damages (marked with black arrows) in the brains of mice inoculated with different P. multocida strains or PBS, as characterized by histological examinations (bar = 200 μm). C Expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF) (indicated by black arrows) in the brains of P. multocida-infected mice (HuN001, C09) and PBS treated mice, as characterized by immunohistochemical examinations (bar = 200 μm). D Recovery of P. multocida HuN001 from the brains of bacterium-infected mice (HuN001) and PBS treated mice. E Recovery of P. multocida C09 from the brains of bacterium-infected mice (C09) and PBS treated mice. F Visualization of the brains obtained from mice inoculated with P. multocida strains (HuN001 and C09), or the control (PBS), showing brain staining with EB dye. G Quantification of EB in the brain obtained from P. multocida-infected mice and control mice. PM refers to P. multocida.