Figure 3

In vitro model of E. tenella sporozoites invasion into MDBK cells. Approximately 97.4% of freshly purified E. tenella sporozoites were labelled using CFDA-SE (A). The labelled sporozoites were incubated in DMEM medium at 37 °C for time periods of 30, 60, and 90 min, before being co-incubated with MDBK cells for 2 h. Flow cytometry results indicated that as the duration of in vitro incubation of the sporozoites increased, the efficiency of their invasion into the cells decreased (B). Each sample was tested in triplicate, and the values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical significance is indicated as follows: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and “ns” indicates no statistical difference.