Figure 4

LF competed with PEDV for binding to HSPG. A, B Evaluation of the effects of varying concentrations of lactoferrin inhibitors on PEDV replication using plaque assays (A) and RT-qPCR (B). C Schematic illustration of LF mutants designed based on interaction sites. D–F Analysis of viral RNA levels in cells (E) and virus titers in supernatants (D) for different LF mutant treatment groups, assessed using plaque assays (D) and RT-qPCR (E). F Assessment of the interaction between HSPG and immobilized PEDV S protein on a CM5 sensor chip in the presence of LF or LF mutants, measured by surface plasmon resonance assay. ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.