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Figure 2 | Veterinary Research

Figure 2

From: Carp edema virus surveillance in the koi trade: early detection through shipping environment sampling and longitudinal monitoring of CEV outbreaks in a wholesaler facility

Figure 2

CEV DNA detection in shipping bags and koi fish. Sampling was conducted during three koi fish imports from Japan in 2019, 2020, and 2022. Dead fish were examined: gills of fish that were found dead in shipping bags on day 0 were analysed by a batch pool, whereas those that died in their aquaria between 1 and 4 days after arrival were individually analysed. Gill swabs were collected from five anaesthetised fish per batch and analysed in pools (except for batches 19-F1, which were analysed individually) four days after arrival in 2019 and within 12 h in 2022. The results of the fish bag swabs are not shown except when they were positive despite being negative for shipping water. Real-time PCR targeting carp DNA was used to confirm the amplification of DNA extracted from the fish samples. All tested samples, both CEV-negative and the majority of CEV-positive, were positive for carp DNA. Logistic regression analysis revealed no statistically significant association between CEV qPCR positivity and the Ct values of carp qPCR (p > 0.05).

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Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1297-9716